Gallstones are a significant health issue worldwide, affecting millions of people.

Prevalence and Statistics
- Approximately 10-15% of the adult population in the United States has gallstones, with around 20 million people affected.
- In Europe, the prevalence of gallstones is estimated to be around 9-21%.
- Gallstones are more common in women, especially those who are overweight, pregnant, or taking estrogen replacement therapy.
- The prevalence of gallstones increases with age, with people over 40 being more likely to develop them.

Types of Gallstones
- Cholesterol stones: These are the most common type, making up around 75% of all gallstones.
- Pigment stones: These are smaller and darker, often caused by bilirubin buildup.
- Mixed stones: These are a combination of cholesterol and pigment stones.

Risk Factors
- Genetics: Family history plays a role in the development of gallstones.
- Obesity: Being overweight increases the risk of gallstones.
- Diet: A diet high in saturated fats, sugar, and refined carbohydrates can contribute to gallstone formation.
- Age: People over 40 are more likely to develop gallstones.

Signs and Symptoms
- Abdominal pain: Pain in the upper right abdomen, often after eating fatty foods.
- Nausea and vomiting: Feeling queasy or vomiting after eating.
- Fever: In cases of infection or inflammation.

Prevention
- Maintain a healthy weight: Avoid obesity and maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
- Eat a balanced diet: Focus on whole, unprocessed foods and avoid sugary and fatty foods.
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to help flush out bile and prevent stone formation.

Treatment
- Surgery: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the gallbladder.
- Medications: Certain medications, such as ursodiol, can help dissolve small cholesterol stones.
- Lifestyle changes: Making dietary changes and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage…